El objetivo de este estudio era ampliar el conocimiento sobre la experiencia de mujeres en videojuegos multijugador online (VMO), indagar sobre si existen situaciones de violencia y acoso por razón de género 2.0.La muestra estuvo compuesta por 454 mujeres de entre 16 y 29 años, de Castilla – La Mancha (España).Los resultados muestran que una alta proporción de las mujeres utilizan los VMO como espacio de ocio e interacción y que prácticamente una de cada dos mujeres ha vivido en primera (...) persona o ha presenciado episodios de violencia durante las partidas de VMO. (shrink)

Brain processes and social processes are not as separated as many of our Social Psychology and Neuroscience departments. This paper discusses the potential contribution of social neuroscience to the development of a multi-level, dynamic, and context-sensitive approach to prejudice. Specifically, the authors review research on event related potentials during social bias, stereotypes, and social attitudes measurements, showing that electrophysiological methods are powerful tools for analyzing the temporal fine-dynamics of psychological processes involved in implicit and explicit prejudice. Meta-theoretical implications are drawn (...) regarding the social psychological modeling of social attitudes, and for the integration of social neuroscience into a multi-level account of cultural behavior. (shrink)

La primera parte de este artículo discute el poder persuasivo de las narrativas, especialmente en historia de la filosofía, ligándolas con la oposición entre razón y emoción y también con el conocido tema rortiano de las redescripciones. Además, presenta brevemente las líneas generales de la reconstrucción histórica hecha por Rorty y la tipología de géneros historiográficos que establece. La segunda parte muestra ejemplos del modo en que Rorty usa la persuasión al elaborar dos de tales géneros: las reconstrucciones históricas y (...) las reconstrucciones racionales. The first part of this paper discusses the persuasive power of narratives, especially when applied to history of philosophy, linking it with the opposition between reasons and emotions, and with the well-known rortyan theme of redescriptions. It also presents briefly the outlines of the historical reconstruction made by Rorty and the typology of historiographical genres established by him. The second part shows some examples of the way Rorty uses persuasion to develop two such genres: historical reconstructions and rational reconstructions. (shrink)

En el presente artículo, se estudiará al “proyecto de vida” como categoría jurídica del derecho constitucional, enmarcado en el ámbito de los derechos existenciales; entendidos estos como aquellos cuya finalidad estriba en revestir de garantías al acervo psíquico o anímico de los seres humanos, dentro del cual, sin duda, se encuentra el derecho a auto determinarse y hacer una proyección de las metas que espera alcanzar durante su vida, y los caminos a recorrer para conseguirlo. La confección de tal “proyecto (...) de vida”, dependerá de la libérrima facultad que deben tener las personas para escoger, de entre un abanico de posibilidades existenciales, aquellas que, según sus propias deducciones les han de conducir hacia la consecución de su íntima realización. Aclarado el valor que el “proyecto de vida” tiene para el derecho, el presente artículo analizará el incipiente desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial que esta categoría jurídica ha merecido en el Ecuador; y, realizará un breve análisis del tratamiento que le dispensa la jurisprudencia constitucional, así como el esperanzador desarrollo del tema en los fallos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. (shrink)

Currently, entrepreneurship is a priority for economic, social, and technological growth. Therefore, the interest in understanding entrepreneurship processes has increased significantly. Individual variables play a fundamental role, and academic research has pointed out the influence of emotional intelligence in entrepreneurial processes; however, its relationship with other interpersonal processes and individual variables, such as personality and self-efficacy, has not been extensively studied. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, controlling for the (...) effects of personality, gender, and age. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were applied through a questionnaire survey of 1,593 college students to test the relationship between the constructs in the model. The results show that the personality traits are associated with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotional intelligence positively influences entrepreneurial intention, and self-efficacy mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications for training programs are examined, and future lines of research were discussed. (shrink)

El artículo trata de aplicar las concepciones gramscianas al estudio de la primera constitución española. En el análisis se observan cuestiones relacionadas con la educación y los grupos hegemónicos intentando aportar nuevos datos tras la interpretación.

Robert Alexy has argued that the democratic objection to judicial review of legislation can be successfully addressed by assuming that judges exercise a special form of argumentative representation. In this article we argue that Alexy does not explain (as he should) under what circumstances judicial review tends to produce better decisions than parliamentary procedure, nor does he explain how judicial review can have a greater intrinsic value than parliamentary procedure. Subsequently, we argue that the intrinsic value of argumentative representation depends (...) on the promotion of citizen deliberation, whereas its instrumental value depends on judges being committed to the rights of discrete and insular minorities in the face of hostile majorities. (shrink)

Organizations in changing environments need to become flexible, responsive and participative. We develop an understanding of governance in these organizations by drawing analogies between organization theory and theories of non-linear dynamics. We identify freedom and creativity as driving principles in 'chaotic' participative organizations, and explore the ethics of their exercise within organizational communities of practice, communities of discernment and communities of commitment.

La investigación asume el estudio de la " otredad " en el pensamiento aristo-télico, profundizando el carácter del θεός. Se procura responder a la pregun-ta: ¿Qué es " otro " (ἄλλος)? y ¿Cómo es entendida la otredad (ἑτερότης) por Aristóteles? para así, en un último escenario. esbozar una reflexión a propó-sito de θεός como otredad (ἑτερότης), radicalizando las tesis aristotélicas.

El presente estudio procura establecer una serie de considerandos a propósito de las concomitancias y desavenencias entre el pensamiento de Plotino de Licópolis y Levinas de Kaunas, el desafío deviene a partir de la aparente relación entre el Uno plotiniano y el Infinito levinasiano, a su vez se considera la posibilidad de acceso del ser humano, entidad particular, al punto originador, llámese este Uno o Infinito. Summary: This study aims to establish a series of ideas about the similarities and disagreements (...) between the thought of Plotinus of Lycopolis and Levinas of Kaunas, the challenge becomes apparent from the relationship between the " One " Plotinian and " Infinity " Levinas, in turn, considers the accessibility of human beings, particular entity, the originator point, call it: One or Infinite. El presente estudio se circunscribe dentro del área de la metafísica. Si bien se ha realizado algunas investigaciones al respecto, por ejemplo en Schroeder y Benso (2008), esta pesquisa resulta innovadora en el ámbito castellano. Huelga indicar que el texto mencionado se convierte en un importante pilar para el desarrollo del texto en cuestión. (shrink)

La pesquisa pretende analizar las principales tesis presentes en el pensamiento de Paul Ricœur y Emmanuel Lèvinas, a propósito de la muerte y, a partir de sus postulados, establecer un diálogo del cual emerjan desavenencias y concomitancias respecto al tema.

The Logics of Deontic (In)Consistency (LDI's) can be considered as the deontic counterpart of the paraconsistent logics known as Logics of Formal (In)Consistency. This paper introduces and studies new LDI's and other paraconsistent deontic logics with different properties: systems tolerant to contradictory obligations; systems in which contradictory obligations trivialize; and a bimodal paraconsistent deontic logic combining the features of previous systems. These logics are used to analyze the well-known Chisholm's paradox, taking profit of the fact that, besides contradictory obligations do (...) not trivialize in LDI's, several logical dependencies of classical logic are blocked in the context of LDI's, allowing to dissolve the paradox. (shrink)

El presente artículo es la primera traducción española de un artículo del jurista alemán Hermann Heller titulado "¿Liberalismo autoritario?", en el que pretende dar cuenta de una nueva forma de articulación política que se desarrolla al comienzo de los años 30 en Alemania y que combina el autoritarismo político con el liberalismo económico.

An account of assertion along truth-relativistic lines is offered. The main lines of relativism about truth are laid out and the problematic features that assertion acquires in the presence of relative truth are identified. These features are the possibility of coherently formulating norms of assertion and the possibility of grounding a rational practice of assertion upon relative truth. A solution to these problems is provided by formulating norms for making and assessing assertions that employ a suitably relativized truth predicate and (...) a perspectival notion of correctness. Two potential objections to this proposal are addressed. (shrink)

Intentaré ofrecer alguna pista con relación a la cuestión de cuál es el alcance, significado y evolución de la figura del νομοθέτης en el Crátilo. Su papel le sirve a Platón instrumentalmente para refutar, siquiera parcialmente, por una parte, el convencionalismo de Hermógenes, mediante el sutil desplazamiento desde la figura de “quien establece el uso de las palabras” (arbitrariamente) a la figura de un experto artesano que debe conocer la naturaleza de las cosas para operar correctamente. Por la otra, también (...) le sirve para refutar el naturalismo de Crátilo, porque los forjadores de los nombres primitivos han errado al suponer una realidad exclusivamente en movimiento, y al ignorar que el lenguaje, siendo imitativo, implica la posibilidad del error. El análisis etimológico sirve para exponer cómo la mayoría de ellos han fallado, por lo que el lenguaje no es el camino para el conocimiento de la realidad, sino, a la inversa: el dialéctico, quien conoce lo que las cosas son, es el que está en condiciones de controlar que los nombres sean forjados y establecidos correctamente. Así resulta que los malos artesanos quedan descartados y el bueno, que conoce la Forma Nombre, se ha convertido al platonismo. (shrink)

In 'An undermining diagnosis of relativism about truth', Horwich claims that the notion of relative truth is either explanatorily sterile or explanatorily superfluous. In the present paper, I argue that Horwich's explanatory demands set the bar unwarrantedly high: given the philosophical import of the theorems of a truth-theoretic semantic theory, Horwich's proposed explananda, what he calls acceptance facts, are too indirect for us to expect a complete explanation of them in terms of the deliverances of a theory of meaning based (...) on the notion of relative truth. And, to the extent that there might be such an explanation in certain cases, there is no reason to expect relative truth to play an essential, ineliminable role, nor to endorse the claim that it should play such a role in order to be a theoretically useful notion. (shrink)

Como han puesto de relieve Evans y García-Carpintero, uno de los problemas más importantes respecto de la aserción en el marco de una concepción relativista radical de los discursos evaluativos es dar un tratamiento coherente de los compromisos y de las responsabilidades que la aserción misma genera cuando sus condiciones de corrección son inestables. Construyendo sobre la base de un trabajo de Losada, el presente trabajo busca ofrecer dicho tratamiento.

Pensar el 2001, interpelar a las subjetividades de la crisis. Entrevista a Diego Sztulwark.

Kant emphatically denied the people’s right to resist legally established authority. Nevertheless, this posture leads to critical difficulties on his conception of politics. This paper encompasses such issue, attempting to show the tensions resulting from such denial, compared to other ideas focused on his political philosophy and to the value he assigns to modern revolutions. Moreover, some relevant interpretations of these discussions are critically analyzed and a way to appropriately understand the sense and scope of Kant’s point of viewis proposed.

El análisis de nuestra filogenia, basado esencialmente en los registros fósiles y arqueológicos, nos ofrece información crucial sobre la trayectoria evolutiva del género Homo. Sin embargo, el problema radica es la escasez de muestras para un análisis concluyente, ya que la diversidad de especies en muchos casos se infiere a partir de unos pocos individuos o fragmentos óseos distribuidos en amplias zonas geográficas. No obstante, el notable éxito evolutivo de nuestro género no se atribuye únicamente al incremento en la capacidad (...) cerebral -desde Australopithecus, con un volumen cerebral aproximado de 500 cm3 a Homo sapiens entre 1500-1700 cm3- o a las variaciones genómicas. También deben considerarse otros factores, como los culturales, sociales y ecológicos. La interacción entre las distintas especies y su entorno en un ecosistema es fundamental en cualquier proceso evolutivo. Todo ajuste, regulación o interacción en el mismo, como indica Margalef, determinará el equilibrio necesario hacia la supervivencia o el declive del sistema. Para establecer un diálogo interdisciplinar entre la ecología integral y la antropología evolutiva, hemos considerado incluir las teorías cognitivas modernas como la Teoría del Compromiso Material (MET), la ciencia cognitiva (CS) y la biología cognitiva (BC). Estas teorías resaltan la importancia de considerar la cognición no solo como un proceso interno, sino como algo que está profundamente arraigado en el contexto material y social. Este artículo examina cómo el ambiente pudo influir en la evolución del género Homo y viceversa, proponiendo un análisis interdisciplinario que integra ecología ambiental, económica, social y cultural, o lo que el papa Francisco denominó ecología integral, con la antropología evolutiva. (shrink)

El objetivo a perseguir por el presente artículo, es analizar tres de las principales teorías humanístico-filosóficas, respecto a la concepción del ciclo vital de que han sido participes diversas comunidades humanas a lo largo de la historia. Con base en tres propuestas de periodización histórica, se expondrán los enfoques temporales sobre los procesos y el fin de la historia teorizados por los filósofos e historiadores Giambatista Vico, Oswald Spengler y Arnold Joseph Toynbee.

Perner and Roessler Causing human action: new perspectives on the causal theory of action, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp 199–228, 2010) hold that children who do not yet have an understanding of subjective perspectives, i.e., mental states, explain actions by appealing to objective facts. In this paper, we criticize this view. We argue that in order to understand objective facts, subjects need to understand perspectives. By analysing basic fact-expressing assertions, we show that subjects cannot refer to facts if they do (...) not understand two types of perspectivity, namely, spatial and doxastic perspectivity. To avoid conceptual confusion regarding different ways of referring to facts, we distinguish between reference to facts de re and de dicto. (shrink)

This article aims to determine to what extent photographic practices in psychology, psychiatry and physiology contributed to the definition of the external bodily signs of passions and emotions in the second half of the 19th century in France. Bridging the gap between recent research in the history of emotions and photographic history, the following analyses focus on the photographic production of scientists and photographers who made significant contributions to the study of expressions and gestures, namely Duchenne de Boulogne, Charles Darwin, (...) Paul Richer and Albert Londe. This article argues that photography became a key technology in their works due to the adequateness of the exposure time of different cameras to the duration of the bodily manifestations to be recorded, and that these uses constituted facial expressions and bodily gestures as particular objects for the scientific study. (shrink)

This paper aims to provide a philosophical and theoretical account of biological communication grounded in the notion of organisation. The organisational approach characterises living systems as organised in such a way that they are capable to self-produce and self-maintain while in constant interaction with the environment. To apply this theoretical framework to the study of biological communication, we focus on a specific approach, based on the notion of influence, according to which communication takes place when a signal emitted by a (...) sender triggers a change in the behaviour of the receiver that is functional for the sender itself. We critically analyse the current formulations of this account, that interpret what is functional for the sender in terms of evolutionary adaptations. Specifically, the adoption of this etiological functional framework may lead to the exclusion of several phenomena usually studied as instances of communication, and possibly even of entire fields of investigation such as synthetic biology. As an alternative, we reframe the influence approach in organisational terms, characterising functions in terms of contributions to the current organisation of a biological system. We develop a theoretical account of biological communication in which communicative functions are distinguished from other types of biological functions described by the organisational account (e.g. metabolic, ecological, etc.). The resulting organisational-influence approach allows to carry out causal analyses of current instances of phenomena of communication, without the need to provide etiological explanations. In such a way it makes it possible to understand in terms of communication those phenomena which realise interactive patterns typical of signalling interactions – and are usually studied as such in scientific practice – despite not being the result of evolutionary adaptations. Moreover, this approach provides operational tools to design and study communicative interactions in experimental fields such as synthetic biology. (shrink)

Effective corporate social responsibility policies are a requirement for today's companies. Policies have not only to be formulated, they also have to be delivered by corporate employees. This paper uses existing research findings to identify two types of factors that may impact on employee motivation and commitment to CSR ‘buy-in’. The first of these is contextual: employee attitudes and behaviours will be affected by organizational culture and climate, by whether CSR policies are couched in terms of compliance or in terms (...) of values, and by whether such policies are integrated into business processes or simply an ‘add-on’ that serves as window-dressing. The second set of factors is perceptual. Motivation and commitment will be affected by the extent to which they can align personal identity and image with that of the organization, by their perceptions of justice and fairness both in general and in terms of how CSR performance is rewarded, and by their impressions concerning the attitude of top management to CSR issues and performance. (shrink)

In the present work, I will review how Aristotle understood the connection between reason and emotion - particularly, angry actions - in order to demonstrate that it is due to the presence of intellectual factors that emotions become ethically relevant and not merely an uncontrolled reaction. Then, I will summarize Aristotle's repeated analogies between reason as the master and anger as the slave to explain their connection. My specific contribution to the topic will be to reverse this analogy and, instead (...) of using it as an example of the _lógos-thymós_ connection, make the latter an example of the _despótes-doûlos_ connection as described in Politics I. If my hypothesis is plausible, establishing the actions and virtues of a slave will help shed light on the type of morality inherent in angry actions. (shrink)

In the context of agricultural activity intensification and rural abandonment, neo-rurality has emerged as a back-to-the-land migratory movement led by urban populations seeking alternative ways of life close to nature. Although the initiatives of the new peasantry are diverse, most are land related, such as agriculture and livestock farming. A priori, neorural people undertake agri-food system activities in ways that differ from the conventional model, following the principles of environmental and social sustainability. We conducted a systematic review of the literature (...) on the neo-rural phenomenon with the main objective of examining how neo-rurality has been found to support agroecological transitions. The corpus of neo-rural studies was analyzed from a social-ecological perspective, and a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) was conducted to determine whether neo-rural agri-food system activities follow agroecological principles. The results indicate that neo-rural studies is an emerging research field that has received considerable attention in western countries. Diverse conceptualizations and terms have been used to address the phenomenon, but the literature agrees on political and environmental motivations and several barriers faced by neo-rural people. This population and in particular new peasants, are employing a wide variety of agroecological practices and strategies throughout the agri-food system. Overall, neo-rural people have been reported to contribute significantly to agroecological transition. (shrink)

Among the philosophical accounts of reference, Quine’s The Roots of Reference stands out in offering an integrated account of the acquisition of linguistic reference and object individuation. Based on a non-referential ability to distinguish bodies, the acquisition of sortals and quantification are crucial steps in learning to refer to objects. In this article, we critically re-assess Quine’s account of reference. Our critique will proceed in three steps with the aim of showing that Quine effectively presupposes what he sets out to (...) explain, namely, reference to objects. We are going to argue that sortals do not individuate, that bodies are already objects, and that the acquisition of variables presupposes a notion of identity. The result is diagnostic of a central desideratum for any theory of reference: an explanation of spatiotemporal object individuation. (shrink)

After Agathon’s speech in Plato’s Symposium, Socrates takes a little time to make some comments about it. One of these comments is that the speech brought Gorgias to his memory (198c2–5). In this paper we intend to track down in three complementary levels the diverse reasons why this recollection took place: (A) regarding the form of the speech, we will try to show that there is an equivalence in how both Gorgias in his Encomium to Helen and the character of (...) Agathon in the Syposium construct their respective logoi; (B) regarding the style of writing, we will see the frequent use in the poet’s speech of the rhetoric resource of “saying things alike” (isa legein) usually ascribed to Gorgias; (C) finally, regarding the contents of both speeches we will try to show that many of the elements used by the sophist to praise the logos in his Encomiun to Helen (EH) may be found, more or less, in Agathon’s praise of Eros. The article will try to show, thus, which are the precise elements that may have made Socrates remember Gorgias after listening to the tragic poet. (shrink)

Es harto conocido el análisis aristotélico de las distintas clases de acción humana en función de su voluntariedad e involuntariedad en Ética nicomaquea III, 1. Algo que suele llamar la atención de los especialistas es la inclusión de las acciones emocionales entre las voluntarias. En el presente trabajo intentaré dar cuenta de las razones para dicha inclusión, argumentando que surgen del marco racional que orienta la acción emocional, marco en función del cual Aristóteles puede catalogarlas como voluntarias. The Aristotelian analysis (...) of the different kinds of human action according to their voluntariness and involuntariness in Nicomachean Ethics III, 1 is well known. Something that usually draws the attention of specialists is the inclusion of emotional actions among the voluntary ones. In this paper I will try to show the reasons for such inclusion, arguing that they arise from the rational framework that guides emotional action, a framework based on which Aristotle can classify them as voluntary. (shrink)

El artículo parte de un interrogante por el estatuto teórico-epistemológico de las condiciones de producción del discurso desde una perspectiva que combina el análisis materialista del discurso francés con la sociología de las problematizaciones. Propone tres modos de puesta en juego de las condiciones de producción, según el momento del proceso de investigación en que intervienen y el peso explicativo que revisten en el resultado: descriptivo, indiciario y estratégico. Establece la necesidad de dar cuenta de la multiplicidad de trayectorias, redes, (...) dispositivos y prácticas que conforman las condiciones de producción del discurso, lo que conduce a una nueva pregunta por modos de re-anudar lo disperso. Finalmente, propone la figura de la “nebulosa” como un modo de presentación y exploración de los datos que no sacrifique su constitutiva heterogeneidad. (shrink)

Patients with strokes to the Anterior Communicating Artery pose an important challenge to rehabilitation teams due to a particular mix of cognitive and behavioral impairments. These deficits often compromise engagement with rehabilitation, learning and generalization. The goal of this article is to describe the long-term presentation of a patient with an ACoA stroke as well as her rehabilitation needs and the many challenges experienced by the rehabilitation team when attempting to facilitate functional, vocational and psychosocial recovery. Based on this case, (...) and the existing literature, a neuropsychological rehabilitation framework to understand and address the specific problems and needs of this population is proposed. This framework demands rehabilitation teams to consider: the slow pattern of recovery of this population, the interaction between cognitive and behavioral impairments, the relevance of physical and social environments, the value of personal projects and the need to include psychological and relational interventions. (shrink)

Research on the Spatial Quantity Association of Response Codes (SQUARC) has documented associations between spatial position and mental representations of quantity. Large quantities are associated with right and top, small quantities are associated with left and bottom. Resulting compatibility effects have largely been documented for response speed and judgment accuracy. Recently, employing luminance as quantity, Löffler et al. (2022) generalised such SQUARC compatibility effects to affective judgments, showing that horizontally SQUARC-compatible stimulus arrangements (i.e. bright on the right, dark on the (...) left side) are liked more than SQUARC-incompatible arrangements. The present Experiment 1 (N = 296) replicated this horizontal compatibility effect, dz =.18, and generalised it to vertical luminance SQUARC compatibility (i.e. bright on the top, dark on the bottom), dz =.22. Experiments 2a-b (total N = 259; Experiment 2b preregistered) employed stimulus arrangements tilted by 45° to manipulate horizontal and vertical (in)compatibility simultaneously within the same stimulus, finding robust horizontal compatibility effects, but mixed evidence regarding vertical compatibility. (shrink)

Este artículo, desde posiciones teóricas diversas y a partir de anclajes históricos relevantes, advierte de la necesidad de no bajar la guardia ante comportamientos que promueven la violencia y amenazan la libertad, porque las imposiciones totalitarias siempre han ido precedidas de relatos salvíficos y apelaciones altruistas.

En las últimas décadas, la tendencia a pensar la estética a partir del carácter autónomo de su objeto ha sido dominante en la discusión filosófica alemana. Sin embargo, la crítica a la estética de la autonomía ha cobrado recientemente un nuevo aliento. Uno de los intentos más ambiciosos por destronar la centralidad de este paradigma en la estética actual corresponde al filósofo Georg W. Bertram. El propósito de este artículo es reconstruir la teoría estética de Bertram y exponer cómo ella (...) se inserta en la disciplina estética. Paralelamente, se mostrarán algunas dificultades de la revitalización de una ontología del arte basada en la continuidad entre praxis artística y vida cotidiana. (shrink)